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钦定古今图书集成博物汇编禽虫典
第一百四十九卷目录
杂鱼部汇考二
正字通〈杂鱼释〉
杂鱼部艺文
马嘉鱼说 宋姚镕
杂鱼部纪事
杂鱼部杂录
异鱼部汇考一
异鱼图〈计十六则 图说计十七则〉
正字通〈杂鱼释〉
杂鱼部艺文
马嘉鱼说 宋姚镕
杂鱼部纪事
杂鱼部杂录
异鱼部汇考一
异鱼图〈计十六则 图说计十七则〉
禽虫典第一百四十九卷
杂鱼部汇考二
《正字通》《杂鱼释》
魠,音托。《说文》哆口鱼也。或曰其色黄。《篇海》一名黄色,误。钓,音的,鱼名。
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䰽,音贝。《说文》鱼出乐浪蕃国,未详。魻,音狎,鱼名。又魻鲽鳞次众多貌。潘岳笙赋骈田猎攦,魻鲽参差。注:骈田竹密貌猎攦,不齐也,魻鲽装饰重叠也。
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𩷙同
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鯚音季,鱼。锐喙细鳞,俗呼鯚鱼。
鲷音彫,引《说文》骨耑脆也。按:长笺,它鱼不然,疑为鲟鱼。《宜训》:鲟鼻端脆骨。或曰:当读若调,旧音彫,非。
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鲰音邹。《说文》:白鱼也。《史记》:汉王曰:鲰生说我拒关服虔曰七垢切。《六书》故曰:鲰以取为声,服音是。鲰,浮阳小鱼,故庸浅者谓之鲰生。
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鳆音薄,《说文》:海鱼名。三苍郭璞注云:鳆状似蛤。《偏著石广志》曰:鳆无鳞有壳。一面附石,细孔杂杂,或七或九。《本草》:石决明一名鳆鱼。《汉王莽传》:忧懑不能食,亶饮酒啖鳆鱼,师古音雹。后汉伏隆,传张步遣使献鳆鱼。鳆鱼出山东,大不踰数指,与鲛殊类。《本草》陈藏器谓鲛一名鳆,误。
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鰽音囚,鲚别名。《异物志》曰:鰽鱼即鲚鱼。《广韵》:鰽音遒,亦作鮂,未详。鮂、鲚非一类也。旧注鯦别名,尤非。
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鳙音斯,鱼名。一曰鲔别名。按:鲔,江淮曰鳙,伊洛曰鲔。海滨曰鮥,无
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鳞音邻。《说文》鱼甲也。又双鳞鱼产湖广石门县东阳山水中,鳞有两重,与诸鱼别,味肥美。
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杂鱼部艺文
《马嘉鱼说》宋·姚镕
海有鱼曰马嘉,银肤燕尾,大者视晬儿脔而火鱐之,可致远。常渊潜,不可捕。春夏乳子,则随潮出波上。渔者用此时帘而取之。帘为疏目,广袤数十寻。两舟引张之,缒以铁,下垂水底。鱼过者必钻触。求进愈,触愈束,怒则颊张鬐舒,钩致其目,致不可脱。向使触网而能退却,则悠然逝矣。知进而不知退,用罹烹醢之,酷悲夫。杂鱼部纪事
《淮南子·说山训》:瓠巴鼓瑟,而淫鱼出听。〈注〉淫鱼,喜音,出于水而听之。淫鱼长丈馀,无鳞出江中。《尔雅疏》:伯牙鼓琴,鲟鱼出听。《晋书·虞潭传》:潭子仡,仡子啸父。啸父位至侍中。尝侍饮宴,帝从容问曰:卿在门下,初不闻有所献替耶。啸父家近海,谓帝有所求,对曰:天时尚温,䱥鱼虾鲊未可致,寻当有所上献。帝大笑。
《酉阳杂俎》:济南郡东北有鲖坑,传言,魏景明中,有人穿井得鱼,大如镜。其夜,河水溢入此坑,坑中居人,皆为鲖鱼焉。《唐书·地理志》:山南道利州益昌郡,土贡:鯄鱼。
杂鱼部杂录
《荀子·荣辱篇》:鯈
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《田家杂占》:虾笼中张得
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异鱼部汇考一
名目鯥鱼 赤鱬鱄鱼
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鯥鱼图
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《山海经》《南山经》
柢山有鱼焉,其状如牛,陵居,蛇尾有翼,其羽在魼下〈一作胁〉,其音如留牛,其名曰鯥,冬死而夏生,食之无肿疾。
郭曰:留牛,庄子执犁之狗谓此牛也。谓之死者言其蛰无所知如死耳。任臣《案江赋》鲮鯥踦
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赤鱬
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《山海经》《南山经》
青丘之山,英水出焉,南流注于即翼之泽。其中多赤鱬,其状如鱼而人面,其音如鸳鸯,食之不疥。
任臣按《图赞》云:赤鱬之物,鱼身人头。刘会孟曰:磁州亦有孩儿鱼,四足长尾,声如婴儿啼。其膏燃之不灭。据刘所说,乃䱱鱼也。 按《说文》:疥搔也。又疥与痎通,小疟也。《左传》:齐侯疥,遂痁。
鱄鱼图
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《山海经》《南山经》
鸡山,黑水出焉,而南流注于海。其中有鱄鱼,其状如鲋而彘毛,其音如豚,见则天下大旱。
任臣案《集韵》:鱄鱼似蛇而豕尾,与此小异,鲋鰿也。案《吕氏春秋》云:鱼之美者,洞庭之鱄,或作𧐕。《江赋》云:蜦𧐕鲎蝞。
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《山海经》《西山经》
英山,禺水出焉,北流注于招水,其中多
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任臣案《水经注》作愚水,《事物绀珠》曰蚌鱼。如龟鱼尾,二足,音如羊。又:刘凤《杂俎》作
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䱻
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《山海经》《西山经》
乐游之山,桃水出焉,西流注于稷泽,其中多䱻鱼,其状如蛇而四足,是食鱼。
任臣案《字书》:䱻鱼有二。鸟翼如鱼者音滑,子桐水之䱻鱼是也。如蛇四足者音骨,今郭音滑,疑《字书》误也。景纯《江赋》云:䱻
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冉
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《山海经》《西山经》
英鞮之山,涴水出焉,而北注于陵羊之泽。是多冉遗之鱼,鱼身蛇首六足,其目如马耳,食之使人不眯,可以禦凶。
郭曰:涴或作
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已狂,冉遗不眯。
蠃鱼图
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《山海经》《西山经》
邽山,濛水出焉,南流注于洋水,其中多黄贝;蠃鱼,鱼身而鸟翼,音如鸯鸳,见则其邑大水。
任臣案睿宗《江汉赋》:翼飞鳐蠃于天池。谓此与文鳐也。或作蠃孙愐。《唐韵》云:蠃落戈反,鱼身鸟翼。
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《山海经》《西山经》
鸟鼠同穴之山,渭水出焉,而东流注于河。其中多
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郭曰:鳣鱼,大鱼也。口在颔下,体有连甲也。或作鲇鱼,动则句或脱,无从动则以下语者。 任臣案《字汇》,
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《山海经》《西山经》
鸟鼠同穴之山,滥水出于其西,西流注于汉水,多
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郭曰:亦珠母,蚌类而能生出之。 任臣案《文选》云:鸣磬孕璆。吴淑《珠赋》云:滥水文魮,瀛洲绀翼。睿宗《江汉赋》:转车轮之鲎兮,覆金铫之魮。此也。《南越志》曰:海中有文魮,鸣似磬,鸟头鱼尾而生玉。《图赞》云:形如覆铫,包玉含珠,有而不积,涉以尾。闾闇与道会,可谓奇鱼。杨慎《异鱼图赞》海经
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滑鱼图
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《山海经》《北山经》
求如之山,滑水出焉,而西流注于诸毗之水。其中多滑鱼。其状如鳝,赤背,其音如梧,食之已疣。
郭曰:鳝鱼似蛇,梧如人相枝梧声。疣赘也。
鯈鱼图
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《山海经》《北山经》
带山,彭水出焉,而西流注于芘湖之水,其中多鯈鱼,其状如鸡而赤毛,三尾六足四目,其音如鹊,食之可以已忧。
任臣案《引书晶
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何罗鱼图
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《山海经》《北山经》
谯明之山,谯水出焉,西流注于河。其中多何罗之鱼,一首而十身,其音如吠犬,食之已痈。
任臣按张融《海赋》:何罗鳙鮨,即此也。杨慎《补注》云:何罗鱼,今八带鱼也。 《异鱼图赞》曰:何罗之鱼,十身一首,化而为鸟,其名休臼。又曰:窃糈于舂,伤陨在臼,夜飞曳音,闻舂疾走。元览曰:何罗之鱼,一首而十身。游氏《臆见》云:冉遗六足,建同四足,章举八足,鳛鳛十翼,何罗一首十身,皆异鱼也。邓元《锡物性志》云:其尤异者曰何罗鱼,曰鮨,曰鳙,曰䱉,则鳞族之生不测也。
鳛鳛鱼图
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《山海经》《北山经》
涿光之山,嚣水出焉,而西流注于河。其中多鳛鳛之鱼,其状如鹊而十翼,鳞皆在羽端,其音如鹊,可以禦火,食之不瘅。
任臣案《洛书·灵准听》云:鳛鳛鱼状如鹊,食之不瘅。出涿光之山。《神异经》云:鳛鳛之鱼如鹊而十翼,可以禦火。《述异记》云:涿光山下嚣水多鳛鳛之鱼。《元览》曰:鳛鳛之鱼十翼。《图赞》曰:鼓翮一挥,十翼翩翻。
厥鸣如鹊,鳞在羽端,是谓怪鱼。食之辟燔。吴淑《鱼赋》䱉则似蛇,鳛闻有翼。王氏《释义》曰:鳛鱼禦火。意其得水气居多,气有相制,故也。又邓氏《物性志》作善衔火,传写之误也。
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《山海经》《北山经》
狱法之山,瀤泽之水出焉,而东北流注于泰泽。其中多
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任臣案《图赞》曰:
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鮨鱼图
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《山海经》《北山经》
北岳之山,诸怀之水出焉,而西流注于嚣水,其中多鮨鱼,鱼身而犬首,其音如婴儿,食之已狂。
郭曰:今海中有虎鹿鱼及海狶,体皆如鱼而头似虎鹿猪,此其类也。 任臣案《物性志》作人首。张融《海赋》云:何罗鳙鮨即斯鱼。
《正字通》
《释鮨》鮨,音支。鱼所作鲊,《说文》:鮨鱼
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䱤
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《山海经》《北山经》
阳山,留水出焉,而南流注于河。其中有䱤父之鱼,其状如鲋鱼,鱼首而彘身,食之已呕。
郭曰:音陷。 任臣案《五音集韵》引经作:燄文之鱼,音兼《图赞》曰:䱤父鱼,首厥,体如豚。